طرق بناء جزيئات ومكونات الخلية

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??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.  ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??.

???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????.

 

???? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????.

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??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????.

 

????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? “???” (RNA) ??? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????.

??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????.

???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????.

 

???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????.

?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? – ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? (??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????).

 

??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????.

???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

 

???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????. ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? .

??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? (??? 2.3)

 

??? 2.3 ???? ??????????: ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? (Lanosterol) ?? 18 ?????? ?? ???? ???????? (Acetates).

???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????.

??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????????? (???? ????? ????? ??? 20 ?????? ????????? ???????) ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? (??? ???????: 10 ?????? ???).

 

????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????. ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? HMG-CoA(HMG-CoA  (reductase  ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????

???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???????? ????? ?? ?????????????? ?????? (Oxidosqualene Cyclase) ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????.

?????? ??? ???????????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? (??? ???????: 5 ?????? ???).

 

?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? (Synthetic Enzymes) ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????. 

??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????.

????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????.

 

??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???.

?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? – ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? (Information–directed Method) ????? ????? ????????

??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????.

 

???? ?????????? ???? “???” ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????.

??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????.

 

????????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ????? ??? “???”2 (DNA Genome).

?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????3  ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? “?????” (Transcription) ???? ???? ???? ?????? “???” ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? “???” (??? 3.3) .

 

??? 3.3 ??? ???”???” ????? ??? “???”: ???? ????? ????? ??? “???” ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? “???” ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? “???” ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? (??? ??????: 5 ?????? ???).

 

??? ???? ????? “????? ??? “???” (RNA polymerase) ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? “???” ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? “???” ???? ????? 30 ??????????? ?? ???????.

???? ???? ???? ????? “???” ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? “???” “??????????? ????????????”? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? “???” ????????.

??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? “???” ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? “???” ????? ??????? ????????.

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